![]() ![]() Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP). Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2331:91–98Īyers RC, Parker M (2001) Produced water waste management. Proceedings of the 27th annual toxicity workshop. 50 ppĪnderson MR, Rivkin RB, Warren P (2000) The influence of produced water on natural populations of marine bacteria. Report prepared by AMEC for Jacques Whitford (November 2006). ![]() Environ Pollut 153:169–175ĪMEC (2006) Revision of the physical environmental assessment for Deep Panuke production site – oceanographic component: produced water, cooling water, drilling wastes. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Ībrahamson A, Brandt I, Brunström B, Sundt RC, Jøgensen EH (2008) Monitoring contaminants from oil production at sea by measuring gill EROD activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentration.Multidisciplinary scientific studies are needed under an ecosystem-based management (EBM) approach to provide information on the environmental fates (dispersion, precipitation, biological and abiotic transformation) and effects of chronic, low-level exposures to the different chemicals in produced water. However, unresolved questions regarding aspects of produced water composition and its fate and potential effects on the ecosystem remain. The general consensus of the International Produced Water Conference was that any effects of produced water on individual offshore production sites are likely to be minor. Marine animals near a produced water discharge may bioaccumulate metals, phenols, and hydrocarbons from the ambient water, their food, or bottom sediments. The chemicals of greatest environmental concern in produced water, because their concentrations may be high enough to cause bioaccumulation and toxicity, include aromatic hydrocarbons, some alkylphenols, and a few metals. Upon discharge to the ocean, produced water dilutes rapidly, often by 100-fold or more within 100 m of the discharge. The metals most frequently present in produced water at elevated concentrations, relative to those in seawater, include barium, iron, manganese, mercury, and zinc. Concentrations of total PAH and higher molecular weight alkyl phenols, the main toxicants in produced water, typically range from about 0.040 to about 3 mg/L. The most abundant organic chemicals in most produced waters are water-soluble low molecular weight organic acids and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Produced water is a complex mixture of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic chemicals in water that ranges from essentially freshwater to concentrated saline brine. There is considerable concern about the ocean disposal of produced water, because of the potential danger of chronic ecological harm. In 2003, an estimated 667 million metric tons (about 800 million m 3) of produced water were discharged to the ocean from offshore facilities throughout the world. ![]() Produced water (formation and injected water containing production chemicals) represents the largest volume waste stream in oil and gas production operations on most offshore platforms. ![]()
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